Northern Cardinal: Complete Guide

The Northern Cardinal is one of North America’s most recognizable and beloved backyard birds, known for its brilliant red plumage and distinctive crest.

Quick Facts

• Scientific name: Cardinalis cardinalis
• Length: 8.3-9.1 inches
• Weight: 1.5-1.7 ounces
• Lifespan: Up to 15 years in the wild

Identification

Male Cardinals

• Bright red plumage
• Black face mask
• Large red crest
• Orange-red conical bill

Female Cardinals

• Pale brown coloring
• Reddish tinges on crest and wings
• Same black face mask and red-orange bill

Habitat and Distribution

• Found throughout eastern and central United States
• Prefer woodland edges
• Common in suburban areas
• Year-round residents

Diet and Feeding

• Primary diet: seeds and fruits
• Favorite foods:
  • Sunflower seeds
  • Safflower seeds
  • Berries
  • Insects (especially during breeding)

Attracting Cardinals to Your Yard

1. Provide large, platform-style feeders
2. Offer black oil sunflower seeds
3. Plant dense shrubs for shelter
4. Maintain water sources year-round

Breeding Behavior

• Mating pairs stay together year-round
• 2-3 broods per year
• 3-4 eggs per clutch
• Incubation: 11-13 days
• Both parents feed young